Social–psychological concepts and findings have by now entered the mainstream of theory and research in international relations. Explorations of the social–psychological dimensions of international politics go back at least to the early 1930s (see Kelman 1965 for a review of the earlier history and a series of contributed chapters on various topics in the field; see also Kelman and Bloom 1973, Kelman 1991, and Tetlock forthcoming, for reviews of later developments). Current work on foreign policy decision making and the cognitive, group, and organizational factors that help to shape it (see Holsti 1989; Fischhoff 1991; and Farnham 1992), on negotiation and bargaining (see Druckman and Hopmann 1989; and Rubin, Pruitt, and Kim 1994), on enemy images (see Holt and Silverstein 1989), and on deterrence and other forms of influence in international politics (see Stein 1991) draws extensively on social–psychological research and theory.