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Ethical Limits on the Use of Influence in Hierarchical Relationships
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by Kelman, Herbert C.

In a hierarchical relationship, by definition, the superior is entitled to exert influence on the subordinate and the subordinate is obligated to accept the superior’s influence. These rights and duties, however, are not unlimited. Ethical use of influence presupposes certain intraorganizational and extraorganizational limits on the demands and requests that the superior is entitled to make and that the subordinate is expected – at times, in fact, permitted – to carry out. To set the stage for discussion of such limits, I first review some of the moral principles according to which influence attempts must be assessed and present a typology that distinguishes among different means of influence.

Publication Type: Published Paper
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum
Published Date: January 2001
Field of Interest: International Relations
Kelman, Herbert C.  "Ethical Limits on the Use of Influence in Hierarchical Relationships." In Social influences on ethical behavior in organizations, edited by J. M. Darley, D. Messick, & T. R. Tyler, 11-20. Mahwah, NJ, and London: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001.