Olin Associates are scholars who are directly involved in Institute activities or whose individual research is closely related to work going on at the Institute. They participate actively in Institute seminars, discussion groups, conferences, and research projects.

ROBERT ART is Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations at Brandeis University and Director of MIT's Seminar XXI program. He is currently completing a volume on America 's Grand Strategy and World Politics for Routledge, to be published in the spring 2008. He has co-edited a volume with Louise Richardson, entitled Democracy and Counterterrorism: Lessons from the Past from the United States Institute of Peace Press, published in 2007, and one with Patrick Cronin, The United States and Coercive Diplomacy published in 2003. His article, "Coercive Diplomacy - What Do We Know?" appeared in the latter volume. He co-edited with Kenneth N. Waltz The Use of Force, 6th edition, published in 2003, and also with Robert Jervis International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Problems, 9th edition, to be published in 2008. Professor Art's book, A Grand Strategy for America was published by Cornell University Press in 2003 and was a finalist for the Arthur B. Ross Award of the Council on Foreign Relations.

DEBORAH BOUCOYANNIS is a lecturer in the Committee on Social Studies at Harvard University. Dr. Boucoyannis' field is political science, specifically the interrelation between comparative politics and international relations. Her dissertation takes a historical approach to a contemporary question: How do liberal regimes emerge, and what are the preconditions to state building? She focuses on the constitutive role of courts and systems of law, as opposed to geopolitical or economic explanations. Dr. Boucoyannis received the APSA Ernst Haas Best Dissertation Award in European Politics and the Seymour Martin Lipset Best Dissertation Award from the Society for Comparative Research. In international relations, she has worked on ethnic conflict and the interaction between regime type and causes of war, and on international relations theory. Her paper on liberalism and the balance of power received the divisional nomination for the Franklin L. Burdette Award by APSA and will appear in the December 2007 issue of Perspectives on Politics. Her Ph.D. is from the University of Chicago. Dr. Boucoyannis was an Olin predoctoral fellow during the 2001-2002 academic year.

CHARLES COGAN is a research associate with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government. In September 2005, the French version of his book for the United States Institute of Peace in its Cross-Cultural Negotiations Project was published. It is titled Diplomatie à la Française, published by Editions Jacob-Duvernet, with a preface by the former French Foreign Minister, Hubert Védrine, and translation by Nicolas Roussellier. In 2006, the book was awarded the Prix Ernest Lémonon by the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques of the Institut de France. In 2007, Dr. Cogan was made an Officer in the French Legion of Honor.

ELIOT COHEN is Counselor of the Department of State, where he serves as senior adviser to the Secretary of State on issues of war, strategy, and defense. He is on leave from Johns Hopkins University, where he is Robert E. Osgood Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS ). Professor Cohen is the founding director of the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies. In this capacity he runs the annual Basin Harbor workshop on teaching strategic studies, and supervises a program of case study, film guide, and simulation development. This past year he published numerous articles and op-eds, including "The Historical Mind and Military Strategy" in Orbis. The author of Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (2002), Professor Cohen is currently working on America's Warpath: Two Centuries of Conflict in the Champlain Valley, to be published by The Free Press.

TIMOTHY CRAWFORD is an assistant professor of political science at Boston College, where he teaches courses on international security, intelligence, and the United Nations. His current research focuses on wedge strategies in alliance politics, moral hazard and deterrence, and intelligence cooperation. Professor Crawford is the author of Pivotal Deterrence: Third Party Statecraft and the Pursuit of Peace, which won the 2003 Edgar S. Furniss Book Award, and editor, with Alan J. Kuperman, of Gambling on Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Hazard, Rebellion, and Civil War (Routledge, 2006). Professor Crawford has held fellowships at the Brookings Institution, Princeton's Center of International Studies, and Harvard's Olin Institute. He serves on the board of directors of America Abroad Media.

ALEXANDER DOWNES is an assistant professor of political science at Duke University. His current work concerns the question of why states target enemy noncombatants in warfare. Professor Downes' book Targeting Civilians in War will be published by Cornell University Press in 2008. It includes a statistical analysis of civilian victimization and civilian casualties in interstate wars, as well as case studies of particular instances of blockade, strategic bombing, counterinsurgency, and ethnic cleansing. His article "Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: The Causes of Civilian Victimization in War" appeared in International Security (Spring 2006). Professor Downes' previous work on the relative efficacy of partition versus negotiated settlements as solutions to ethnic civil wars has appeared in the journals Security Studies and SAIS Review. He is spending the 2007-08 academic year as a fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs in Harvard University 's John F. Kennedy School of Government. Professor Downes received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 2004.

DANIEL DREZNER is an associate professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. His research interests include economic statecraft, U.S. grand strategy, and global governance. He is the author of All Politics is Global (Princeton, 2007), U.S. Trade Policy (Council on Foreign Relations, 2006), and The Sanctions Paradox (Cambridge , 1999). Professor Drezner was an Olin fellow during the 1996-1997 academic year. He received an M.A. in economics and a Ph.D. in political science from Stanford University.

M. TAYLOR FRAVEL is an assistant professor of political science and member of the Security Studies Program at MIT. He studies international relations, with a focus on international security, China and East Asia. His publications have appeared in the Journal of Strategic Studies, International Security, Foreign Affairs, Armed Forces & Society, The China Quarterly, Current History, and Asian Survey as well as in edited volumes. Professor Fravel's book, Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China 's Territorial Disputes will be published by Princeton University Press in 2008. He is a graduate of Middlebury College and Stanford University, where he received his Ph.D. Professor Fravel has been a postdoctoral fellow at the Olin Institute at Harvard University, a predoctoral fellow the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University, a fellow with the Princeton-Harvard China and the World Program, and a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also has graduate degrees from the London School of Economics and Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar.

SHINJU FUJIHIRA is the associate director of the Program on US-Japan Relations at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, prior to which he was an assistant professor of political science at Tufts University. His research interests focus on the relationship between political economy and national security, and the US-Japan-China security triangle. Dr. Fujihira's publications include "Leadership, Institutions, and the Legacies of the Abe Administration" (Wilson Center Asia Program, 2007), "Financing Warfare: Lessons from Imperial Japan," USJP Working Paper 03-03, and "From Shenyang to Pyongyang: Japan 's Diplomatic Trials in Northeast Asia," Harvard Asia Quarterly (Autumn 2002).

STACIE GODDARD is an assistant professor of political science at Wellesley College. She specializes in international relations theory, with a specific focus on international security. Professor Goddard's book manuscript, "Uncommon Ground: Indivisible Territory and the Politics of Legitimacy," analyzes how territory becomes indivisible: why it is that territory that appears negotiable at one period in time can no longer be divided through partition, compensation, shared sovereignty or other mechanisms of division. Her work on indivisibility was published in International Organization. Professor Goddard is currently researching under what conditions democracies obey the laws of war. Other research has been published in International Security and the European Journal of International Relations. Professor Goddard received her Ph.D. from the Department of Political Science at Columbia University in May 2003. She has been a fellow at the Olin Institute, and the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University; the Center for International Studies at Princeton University; and the Center of International Studies at the University of Southern California.

KELLY GREENHILL is an assistant professor of political science at Tufts University and a research fellow at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Security and International Affairs. She was previously an assistant professor of government at Wesleyan University, predoctoral and postdoctoral fellow and visiting assistant professor at Stanford University's Center for Security and Cooperation and predoctoral research fellow at Harvard University's Olin Institute. Much of Professor Greenhill's research focuses on the use of military force and what are frequently called "new security challenges." Her current projects examine: non-traditional methods of coercion, counterinsurgency, international criminal networks, and the differential effects of visual versus verbal imagery on public opinion formation and change. Professor Greenhill's first book manuscript, which focuses on the use of forced migration as a military and political weapon, is currently under review. She holds an S.M. and a Ph.D. in political science from MIT, a C.S.S. in international management from Harvard University, and a B.A., with highest honors, in political economy and in Scandinavian studies from the University of California at Berkeley. Professor Greenhill's work has appeared in a variety of venues, including the journals International Security, Security Studies, and International Migration as well as in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times and in briefs prepared for the US Supreme Court. Her research has been supported by the Social Science Research Council, the MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, and the Eisenhower Foundation. Outside of academia, Professor Greenhill has served as a consultant to the Ford Foundation and to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as a defense program analyst for the US Department of Defense, and as a US Senator's economic policy intern.

JACQUES HYMANS is an assistant professor of government at Smith College. Professor Hymans' research centers on national identity and international security. His first book, The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: Identity, Emotions, and Foreign Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2006) won the Edgar S. Furniss Award for Best First Book in International Security Studies and the Alexander L. George Award for Best Book in Political Psychology. Professor Hymans has also published work in the European Journal of International Relations, Journal of East Asian Studies, and Security Studies among other peer-reviewed journals, and in magazines such as the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and Foreign Policy.

JOSEF JOFFE is publisher-editor of the German weekly Die Zeit. Previously he was columnist/editorial page editor of Süddeutsche Zeitung (1985-2000). His second career has been in academia. The Marc and Anita Abramowitz Fellow in International Relations, he was appointed Senior Fellow of Stanford's Freeman-Spogli Institute for International Studies in 2007. Dr. Joffe is also a consulting professor of political science at Stanford. He has taught at Harvard, Johns Hopkins and the University of Munich, and he was a visiting lecturer at Princeton and Dartmouth. Dr. Joffe's most recent book is Überpower: America's Imperial Temptation (2006, translated into German and French). He is the author of The Limited Partnership: Europe, the United States and the Burdens of Alliance, The Future of International Politics: The Great Powers, and co-author of Eroding Empire: Western Relations With Eastern Europe. Dr. Joffe's scholarly articles have appeared in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The National Interest, International Security as well as in professional journals in Germany, Britain and France. In 2005, he co-founded, with Frank Fukuyama and Elliott Cohen, a new foreign-policy journal, The American Interest (Washington). His essays and reviews have appeared in: New York Review of Books, New York Times Book Review, Times Literary Supplement, Commentary , New York Times Magazine , New Republic, Weekly Standard, Prospect (London), Commentaire (Paris). Dr. Joffe also holds the Federal Order of Merit, Germany. He obtained his Ph.D. in government from Harvard University .

DOMINIC JOHNSON received his D.Phil. from Oxford University in evolutionary biology, and a Ph.D. from Geneva University in political science. Drawing on both disciplines, he is interested in how new research on human nature is contesting the foundations of theories of international relations, cooperation, and conflict resolution. Dr. Johnson has published two books. Overconfidence and War: The Havoc and Glory of Positive Illusions (Harvard University Press, 2004) argues that common psychological biases to maintain overly positive images of ourselves, our control over events, and the future, play a key role in the causes of war. Failing to Win: Perceptions of Victory and Defeat in International Politics (Harvard University Press, 2006), in collaboration with Dominic Tierney, examines how and why popular misperceptions commonly create undeserved victories or defeats in international wars and crises. His other main work is on the impact of evolutionary legacy, theory of mind, and religion in the origins of human conflict and cooperation.

KIMBERLY KAGAN served as an assistant professor of history at West Point from 2000-2005, and as a lecturer in international affairs, history, and the humanities at Yale University in 2005. She currently teaches classes in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and at The American University. Dr. Kagan's research explores topics in ancient history that are salient in contemporary policy debates, e.g., the grand strategy of a global power in an era of changing threats, comparative empires, and the nature of warfare. She has written for The Weekly Standard and the Los Angeles Times, appeared on C-SPAN's Washington Journal, is the author of The Eye of Command (University of Michigan Press, 2006), and is the editor of The Beginnings of Empire (under contract with Harvard University Press). Dr. Kagan is currently writing a book entitled Grand Strategy in the Later Roman Empire.

JONATHAN KIRSHNER is a professor in the Department of Government at Cornell University. He is the author, most recently, of Appeasing Bankers: Financial Caution on the Road to War (Princeton University Press, 2007), and the editor of Globalization and National Security, issued by Routledge in 2006. Professor Kirshner is also the co-editor, with Eric Helleiner, of the multidisciplinary book series, "Cornell Studies in Money."

MARTIN KRAMER is the Wexler-Fromer Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Adelson Institute Senior Fellow at the Shalem Center in Jerusalem, and Olin Institute Senior Fellow at Harvard University. An authority on contemporary Islam and Arab politics, Dr. Kramer earned his undergraduate and doctoral degrees in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University. During a twenty-five-year career at Tel Aviv University, he directed the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies; taught as a visiting professor at Brandeis University, the University of Chicago, Cornell University, and Georgetown University; and served twice as a fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington. Dr. Kramer's website is a gateway to his articles and publications.

ADRIA LAWRENCE completed her Ph.D. in political science at the University of Chicago in August 2007. Her research examines nationalist conflict in the context of foreign rule, and she is currently working on a manuscript entitled "Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism." Dr. Lawrence studies politics and conflict in the Middle East and has carried out fieldwork in North Africa. In 2008, she will join the political science faculty at Yale University.

PAUL MACDONALD received his Ph.D. in political science from Columbia University. His research examines the origin and administration of empires in international politics. Dr. MacDonald's dissertation focused on the specific cases of British imperial rule in India, South Africa, and Nigeria during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His current research centers on the determinants of successful military occupation and on comparative patterns of overseas military basing. At present, MacDonald is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

JEFFREY MANKOFF is a 2007-2008 Henry Chauncey Jr. Postdoctoral Fellow in Grand Strategy at International Security Studies, Yale University. He will shortly complete a book manuscript on the evolution of Russian foreign policy in the Putin years. Dr. Mankoff was an Olin Fellow at Harvard in 2006-2007, where he began work on his current book project, and wrote articles for The Washington Quarterly and The International History Review (forthcoming). Starting in early 2008, he will be an adjunct fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. Dr. Mankoff received his Ph.D. in international history from Yale in 2006. He also holds a master's degree in political science from Yale and a bachelor's degree in international studies from the University of Oklahoma.

ROSE MCDERMOTT is a professor of political science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her area of specialization is political psychology in international relations. Professor McDermott teaches courses in American foreign policy, political psychology and international relations theory. Professor McDermott's book Risk Taking in International Politics: Prospect Theory in American Foreign Policy was published by the University of Michigan Press in 1998. Her book Political Psychology in International Relations was published by the University of Michigan in 2004. Professor McDermott's book Presidential Leadership, Illness and Decision Making will be published by Cambridge University Press in 2007. She is also co-editor, with Rawi Abdelel, Yoshiko Herrera and Iain Johnson, of the Cambridge Press volume Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Science Research, a product of the Harvard Identity Project. Professor McDermott is the author of numerous articles involving the use of experiments and experimental method in political science. She was an Olin fellow in 1999-2000 and a Women and Public Policy fellow at Harvard's Kennedy School in 2001-2002. She was a visiting associate professor in the Government Department at Harvard in the spring of 2006. Professor McDermott is currently working on a book project on the impact of pandemic disease on international security issues.

EDWARD MILLER is an assistant professor of history at Dartmouth. Professor Miller's main research interests include the History of US-East Asian relations and the Vietnam War. He has lived and worked in Taiwan, Vietnam and Singapore, and traveled in many other countries in East and Southeast Asia. His current project, a book entitled Grand Designs: The making and unmaking of America's alliance with Ngo Dinh Diem, 1954-1963, re-interprets the origins of the US intervention in the Vietnam War by examining the interactions between American and Vietnamese ideas about nation building. Professor Miller uses materials collected from Vietnamese, French and American archives to show that US nation building efforts in South Vietnam during the 1950s and early 1960s were frequently frustrated not only by America's communist enemies, but also by its South Vietnamese allies. He also revises the conventional view of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem, and shows how Diem's determination to pursue his own vision for the modernization of South Vietnam led eventually to his undoing. Professor Miller will continue to explore the History of US Foreign Relations from an international perspective, with particular attention to the ways in which American ventures abroad-whether official or informal, public or private, violent or peaceful-have been affected by the convictions and actions of non-Americans. He completed his doctoral studies in U.S. and international history at Harvard University in 2004. Professor Miller has taught previously at Harvard and at Bentley College, and he is a 1991 graduate of Swarthmore College.

JACQUELINE NEWMYER is president and chief executive officer of Long Term Strategy Group, LLC, a Cambridge, MA-based defense consultancy, and a postdoctoral fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government. She was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard's Olin Institute in 2004–2005. Dr. Newmyer's dissertation, a comparison of seminal works on strategy and statecraft from ancient China, the medieval Middle East, and early modern Europe, analyzes the influence of domestic regimes on approaches to war in disparate language-culture areas. Dr. Newmyer did her graduate work in Politics at Oxford and her undergraduate work in History and Literature at Harvard. After leaving Oxford, she worked as a consultant to the Office of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Dr. Newmyer remains especially interested in Chinese strategy and doctrine, and she is currently researching the effects of domestic development on the People's Republic of China 's security posture. Her work has appeared in the journal War in History, the New York Times, Policy Review, and The Weekly Standard, among other publications.

DARYL PRESS is an associate professor in the government department at Dartmouth College. His research focuses on U.S. foreign policy, credibility and foreign policy decision-making, conventional military operations, and nuclear forces and strategy - both during the Cold War and today. Professor Press is the author of the book Calculating Credibility: How Leaders Assess Military Threats and articles in journals such as International Security, Security Studies, and Foreign Affairs. He is currently writing a book on nuclear deterrence during the Cold War that uses declassified archival evidence from the superpower competition to test theories of deterrence; the book applies lessons from the Cold War to shed light on the evolving Sino-American nuclear balance.

MICHAEL RINDNER is a Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Postdoctoral Fellow in religion and international affairs where he conducts comparative research on issues of religious identity, ideology, and governance. Proficient in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and Swahili and trained in Islamic studies, Dr. Rindner examines how the interaction between the state and Islamic movements affects the development of Islamism and Jihadism in contemporary Muslim societies. Focused on issues of identity, ideology, and state power, his research also involves analyzing the dynamics of sectarian conflict in the Islamic world. Dr. Rindner presented a paper at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association entitled, "Sectarianization: The Role of Identity and Islamic Ideology in the Adoption of Sunni Extremism." In Spring 2008, Dr. Rindner will be presenting a talk at Harvard entitled "Inclusivity, Islamicate Culture, and Imagined Community: Religious Identity and State Formation in Tanzania and Pakistan." Dr. Rindner's major project for 2007-2008 is to revise his Ph.D. dissertation "The Evolution of Religious Nationalism in Pakistan: Islamic Identity, Ideology and State Power," into a book manuscript for publication.

MARK SHEETZ is a fellow in international security at the John F. Kennedy School of Government of Harvard University. For the past year Dr. Sheetz was on the faculty of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy in Geneva, Switzerland, where he lectured on American foreign policy, US-European relations, and international security to mid-career diplomats and military officers from over 30 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. He has lectured at the NATO Defense College in Rome, the Ecole Supérieure de Guerre in Tunis, the Ecole Royale Militaire in Brussels, the Slovak National Academy of Defense in Bratislava, and the Committee on National Security Policy of the Swiss parliament in Bern. Dr. Sheetz was previously a John M. Olin fellow in International Security Studies at Yale University and a fellow at the Olin Institute at Harvard University. Dr. Sheetz received a Ph.D. in political science from Columbia University, an M.A. in international relations from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, and an A.B. in government from Dartmouth College. Dr. Sheetz has taught courses in American foreign policy, US-European relations, European security, and the role of nuclear weapons in international politics at Yale University, Wesleyan University, and Dartmouth College. His teaching and research interests focus on international politics, European security and American foreign policy. His scholarly articles on American foreign policy, European security, and international relations theory have appeared in journals such as International Security, Security Studies, and the Journal of Cold War Studies. Dr. Sheetz is currently working on a book manuscript, provisionally titled France, Germany, and the Transformation of Europe, which examines the theoretical premises of European political and military cooperation through the prism of postwar Franco-German relations.

WARD THOMAS is an associate professor in the Political Science Department of the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of The Ethics of Destruction: Norms and Force in International Relations, published by Cornell University Press. In 2007-2008 Professor Thomas will continue work on a book about normative change and the use of force by nonstate actors, as well as a chapter on "International Law and the Use of Force" for the International Studies Association Compendium Project. In the last year he published two journal articles: "ROTC and the Catholic Campus" in Armed Forces & Society, and "Unjust War and the Catholic Soldier" in Journal of Religious Ethics, as well as giving talks at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Washington.

BENJAMIN VALENTINO is an assistant professor of government at Dartmouth College. His research interests include the causes and consequences of ethnic conflict and mass violence, and American foreign and security policies. Professor Valentino's book, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century, was published by Cornell University Press in February 2004. The book received the Edgar S. Furniss Book Award, given annually to an author whose first book makes an exceptional contribution to the study of national and international security. Other recent publications include "Draining the Sea: Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare" in International Organization; "Still Standing By: Why America and the International Community Fail to Prevent Genocide and Mass Killing," in Perspectives on Politics; "Covenants Without the Sword: International Law and the Protection of Civilians in Times of War," in World Politics; and "The Perils of Limited Humanitarian Intervention: Lessons from the 1990s," in the University of Wisconsin International Law Journal. Professor Valentino is currently working on several projects focusing on the targeting of civilian populations during times of war and on the nature of insurgencies and the effectiveness of counter-insurgency operations.